A Framework for Integrating Motivational Techniques in Technology Enhanced Learning

Abstract

Motivation is a key factor in education. While there exist some educational system that consider techniques for motivating students, these systems implement only one or few techniques and assume that the respective technique(s) work well for all students. However, students are motivated differently and what is motivating for one student can be demotivating for another student. In this paper, we introduce a framework of motivational techniques, which suggests motivational techniques that can be included in educational systems, discusses the relationships between these techniques, situations where the techniques might be demotivational for students, and requirements of the techniques to be integrated into a course and educational system. This framework aims at providing guidelines on how to implement a set of motivational techniques into educational systems and will be the basis for providing personalization based on motivational aspects in educational systems, presenting students only with motivational techniques that work well for them.